㰀洀攀琀愀 栀琀琀瀀ⴀ攀焀甀椀瘀㴀䌀漀渀琀攀渀琀ⴀ吀礀瀀攀 挀漀渀琀攀渀琀㴀∀琀攀砀琀⼀栀琀洀氀㬀 挀栀愀爀猀攀琀㴀甀渀椀挀漀搀攀∀㸀
㰀洀攀琀愀 渀愀洀攀㴀䜀攀渀攀爀愀琀漀爀 挀漀渀琀攀渀琀㴀∀䴀椀挀爀漀猀漀昀琀 圀漀爀搀 㤀∀㸀
㰀氀椀渀欀 爀攀氀㴀䘀椀氀攀ⴀ䰀椀猀琀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀氀攀琀琀攀爀开昀椀氀攀氀椀猀琀⸀砀洀氀∀㸀
[2002] Journal of Planning & Environment Law, Correspondence section伀挀琀漀戀攀爀Ⰰ 瀀瀀㰀⼀琀椀琀氀攀㸀
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> 㰀漀㨀䐀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀倀爀漀瀀攀爀琀椀攀猀㸀
<o:Author>Jean-Jacques</o:Author> 㰀漀㨀䰀愀猀琀䄀甀琀栀漀爀㸀䨀攀愀渀ⴀ䨀愀挀焀甀攀猀㰀⼀漀㨀䰀愀猀琀䄀甀琀栀漀爀㸀
<o:Revision>1</o:Revision> 㰀漀㨀吀漀琀愀氀吀椀洀攀㸀㰀⼀漀㨀吀漀琀愀氀吀椀洀攀㸀
<o:Created>2006-06-21T18:19:00Z</o:Created> 㰀漀㨀䰀愀猀琀匀愀瘀攀搀㸀㈀ 㘀ⴀ 㘀ⴀ㈀吀㠀㨀㈀ 㨀 娀㰀⼀漀㨀䰀愀猀琀匀愀瘀攀搀㸀
<o:Pages>2</o:Pages> 㰀漀㨀圀漀爀搀猀㸀㘀㤀㘀㰀⼀漀㨀圀漀爀搀猀㸀
<o:Characters>3972</o:Characters> 㰀漀㨀䰀椀渀攀猀㸀㌀㌀㰀⼀漀㨀䰀椀渀攀猀㸀
<o:Paragraphs>7</o:Paragraphs> 㰀漀㨀䌀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀猀圀椀琀栀匀瀀愀挀攀猀㸀㐀㠀㜀㜀㰀⼀漀㨀䌀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀猀圀椀琀栀匀瀀愀挀攀猀㸀
<o:Version>9.3007</o:Version> 㰀⼀漀㨀䐀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀倀爀漀瀀攀爀琀椀攀猀㸀
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings> 㰀漀㨀䐀漀一漀琀刀攀氀礀伀渀䌀匀匀⼀㸀
<o:DoNotOrganizeInFolder/> 㰀漀㨀倀椀砀攀氀猀倀攀爀䤀渀挀栀㸀㈀ 㰀⼀漀㨀倀椀砀攀氀猀倀攀爀䤀渀挀栀㸀
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>㰀⼀砀洀氀㸀㰀℀嬀攀渀搀椀昀崀ⴀⴀ㸀㰀℀ⴀⴀ嬀椀昀 最琀攀 洀猀漀 㤀崀㸀㰀砀洀氀㸀
<w:WordDocument> 㰀眀㨀嘀椀攀眀㸀一漀爀洀愀氀㰀⼀眀㨀嘀椀攀眀㸀
<w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing>5 στ.</w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing> 㰀眀㨀䐀爀愀眀椀渀最䜀爀椀搀嘀攀爀琀椀挀愀氀匀瀀愀挀椀渀最㸀㘀Ⰰ㠀 쌀쐃⸃㰀⼀眀㨀䐀爀愀眀椀渀最䜀爀椀搀嘀攀爀琀椀挀愀氀匀瀀愀挀椀渀最㸀
<w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> 㰀眀㨀䐀椀猀瀀氀愀礀嘀攀爀琀椀挀愀氀䐀爀愀眀椀渀最䜀爀椀搀䔀瘀攀爀礀㸀㈀㰀⼀眀㨀䐀椀猀瀀氀愀礀嘀攀爀琀椀挀愀氀䐀爀愀眀椀渀最䜀爀椀搀䔀瘀攀爀礀㸀
<w:DoNotOptimizeForBrowser/> 㰀⼀眀㨀圀漀爀搀䐀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀㸀
</xml><![endif]-->㰀猀琀礀氀攀㸀
<!-- ⼀⨀ 䘀漀渀琀 䐀攀昀椀渀椀琀椀漀渀猀 ⨀⼀
@font-faceऀ笀昀漀渀琀ⴀ昀愀洀椀氀礀㨀吀愀栀漀洀愀㬀
panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;ऀ洀猀漀ⴀ昀漀渀琀ⴀ挀栀愀爀猀攀琀㨀 㬀
mso-generic-font-family:swiss;ऀ洀猀漀ⴀ昀漀渀琀ⴀ瀀椀琀挀栀㨀瘀愀爀椀愀戀氀攀㬀
mso-font-signature:14983 0 0 0 255 0;} ⼀⨀ 匀琀礀氀攀 䐀攀昀椀渀椀琀椀漀渀猀 ⨀⼀
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormalऀ笀洀猀漀ⴀ猀琀礀氀攀ⴀ瀀愀爀攀渀琀㨀∀∀㬀
margin:0cm;ऀ洀愀爀最椀渀ⴀ戀漀琀琀漀洀㨀⸀ 瀀琀㬀
line-height:150%;ऀ洀猀漀ⴀ瀀愀最椀渀愀琀椀漀渀㨀眀椀搀漀眀ⴀ漀爀瀀栀愀渀㬀
font-size:11.0pt;ऀ洀猀漀ⴀ戀椀搀椀ⴀ昀漀渀琀ⴀ猀椀稀攀㨀 ⸀ 瀀琀㬀
font-family:Tahoma;ऀ洀猀漀ⴀ昀愀爀攀愀猀琀ⴀ昀漀渀琀ⴀ昀愀洀椀氀礀㨀∀吀椀洀攀猀 一攀眀 刀漀洀愀渀∀㬀
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}栀㈀
{mso-style-parent:"";ऀ洀猀漀ⴀ猀琀礀氀攀ⴀ渀攀砀琀㨀鈀넃쌃뤃먃찃㬃
margin-top:12.0pt;ऀ洀愀爀最椀渀ⴀ爀椀最栀琀㨀 挀洀㬀
margin-bottom:3.0pt;ऀ洀愀爀最椀渀ⴀ氀攀昀琀㨀 挀洀㬀
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;ऀ瀀愀最攀ⴀ戀爀攀愀欀ⴀ愀昀琀攀爀㨀愀瘀漀椀搀㬀
mso-outline-level:2;ऀ昀漀渀琀ⴀ猀椀稀攀㨀㐀⸀ 瀀琀㬀
font-family:Arial;ऀ昀漀渀琀ⴀ猀琀礀氀攀㨀椀琀愀氀椀挀㬀紀
p.MsoBodyText, li.MsoBodyText, div.MsoBodyTextऀ笀洀愀爀最椀渀㨀 挀洀㬀
margin-bottom:.0001pt;ऀ琀攀砀琀ⴀ愀氀椀最渀㨀樀甀猀琀椀昀礀㬀
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;ऀ昀漀渀琀ⴀ猀椀稀攀㨀⸀ 瀀琀㬀
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;ऀ昀漀渀琀ⴀ昀愀洀椀氀礀㨀吀愀栀漀洀愀㬀
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";}瀀⸀䴀猀漀䈀漀搀礀吀攀砀琀㈀Ⰰ 氀椀⸀䴀猀漀䈀漀搀礀吀攀砀琀㈀Ⰰ 搀椀瘀⸀䴀猀漀䈀漀搀礀吀攀砀琀㈀
{margin:0cm;ऀ洀愀爀最椀渀ⴀ戀漀琀琀漀洀㨀⸀ 瀀琀㬀
text-align:justify;ऀ洀猀漀ⴀ瀀愀最椀渀愀琀椀漀渀㨀眀椀搀漀眀ⴀ漀爀瀀栀愀渀㬀
font-size:10.0pt;ऀ昀漀渀琀ⴀ昀愀洀椀氀礀㨀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀 一攀眀∀㬀
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";ऀ洀猀漀ⴀ戀椀搀椀ⴀ昀漀渀琀ⴀ昀愀洀椀氀礀㨀吀愀栀漀洀愀㬀紀
p.MsoBodyText3, li.MsoBodyText3, div.MsoBodyText3ऀ笀洀愀爀最椀渀㨀 挀洀㬀
margin-bottom:.0001pt;ऀ琀攀砀琀ⴀ愀氀椀最渀㨀樀甀猀琀椀昀礀㬀
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;ऀ昀漀渀琀ⴀ猀椀稀攀㨀 ⸀ 瀀琀㬀
font-family:"Courier New";ऀ洀猀漀ⴀ昀愀爀攀愀猀琀ⴀ昀漀渀琀ⴀ昀愀洀椀氀礀㨀∀吀椀洀攀猀 一攀眀 刀漀洀愀渀∀㬀
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;ऀ昀漀渀琀ⴀ眀攀椀最栀琀㨀戀漀氀搀㬀紀
@page Section1ऀ笀猀椀稀攀㨀㔀㤀㔀⸀㌀瀀琀 㠀㐀⸀㤀瀀琀㬀
margin:68.05pt 73.7pt 70.9pt 73.7pt;ऀ洀猀漀ⴀ栀攀愀搀攀爀ⴀ洀愀爀最椀渀㨀㌀㘀⸀ 瀀琀㬀
mso-footer-margin:36.0pt;ऀ洀猀漀ⴀ琀椀琀氀攀ⴀ瀀愀最攀㨀礀攀猀㬀
mso-paper-source:0;}搀椀瘀⸀匀攀挀琀椀漀渀
{page:Section1;}ⴀⴀ㸀
</style>㰀⼀栀攀愀搀㸀
㰀戀漀搀礀 氀愀渀最㴀䔀䰀 猀琀礀氀攀㴀✀琀愀戀ⴀ椀渀琀攀爀瘀愀氀㨀㌀㘀⸀ 瀀琀✀㸀
㰀搀椀瘀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀匀攀挀琀椀漀渀㸀
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀䴀猀漀䈀漀搀礀吀攀砀琀㌀㸀㰀戀 猀琀礀氀攀㴀✀洀猀漀ⴀ戀椀搀椀ⴀ昀漀渀琀ⴀ眀攀椀最栀琀㨀渀漀爀洀愀氀✀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 猀椀稀攀㴀㈀
face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>[2002] Journal of Planning☀愀洀瀀㬀 䔀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 䰀愀眀Ⰰ 䌀漀爀爀攀猀瀀漀渀搀攀渀挀攀 猀攀挀琀椀漀渀 伀挀琀漀戀攀爀Ⰰ 瀀瀀⸀ 㠀㠀ⴀ㠀㤀⸀㰀漀㨀瀀㸀㰀⼀漀㨀瀀㸀㰀⼀猀瀀愀渀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀戀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀䴀猀漀䈀漀搀礀吀攀砀琀㈀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 猀椀稀攀㴀㈀ 昀愀挀攀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀 一攀眀∀㸀㰀猀瀀愀渀 猀琀礀氀攀㴀✀昀漀渀琀ⴀ猀椀稀攀㨀
10.0pt'>(Be aware that the printed version slightly differs in content and its挀漀瀀礀爀椀最栀琀 椀猀 愀氀猀漀 漀眀渀攀搀 戀礀 匀眀攀攀琀 愀渀搀 䴀愀砀眀攀氀氀⤀㰀漀㨀瀀㸀㰀⼀漀㨀瀀㸀㰀⼀猀瀀愀渀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀䴀猀漀一漀爀洀愀氀 猀琀礀氀攀㴀✀琀攀砀琀ⴀ愀氀椀最渀㨀樀甀猀琀椀昀礀㬀氀椀渀攀ⴀ栀攀椀最栀琀㨀渀漀爀洀愀氀✀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 猀椀稀攀㴀㈀
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]></span></font><span猀琀礀氀攀㴀✀洀猀漀ⴀ戀椀搀椀ⴀ昀漀渀琀ⴀ昀愀洀椀氀礀㨀吀愀栀漀洀愀✀㸀㰀漀㨀瀀㸀㰀⼀漀㨀瀀㸀㰀⼀猀瀀愀渀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀䴀猀漀一漀爀洀愀氀 猀琀礀氀攀㴀✀琀攀砀琀ⴀ愀氀椀最渀㨀樀甀猀琀椀昀礀㬀氀椀渀攀ⴀ栀攀椀最栀琀㨀渀漀爀洀愀氀✀㸀㰀戀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀
size=5 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:18.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;洀猀漀ⴀ戀椀搀椀ⴀ昀漀渀琀ⴀ昀愀洀椀氀礀㨀吀愀栀漀洀愀㬀昀漀渀琀ⴀ眀攀椀最栀琀㨀戀漀氀搀✀㸀嬀 䐀愀挀琀礀氀椀搀椀 瘀⸀ 䜀爀攀攀挀攀 崀㰀漀㨀瀀㸀㰀⼀漀㨀瀀㸀㰀⼀猀瀀愀渀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀戀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀䴀猀漀一漀爀洀愀氀 猀琀礀氀攀㴀✀琀攀砀琀ⴀ愀氀椀最渀㨀樀甀猀琀椀昀礀㬀氀椀渀攀ⴀ栀攀椀最栀琀㨀渀漀爀洀愀氀✀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 猀椀稀攀㴀㈀
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]></span></font><span猀琀礀氀攀㴀✀洀猀漀ⴀ戀椀搀椀ⴀ昀漀渀琀ⴀ昀愀洀椀氀礀㨀吀愀栀漀洀愀✀㸀㰀漀㨀瀀㸀㰀⼀漀㨀瀀㸀㰀⼀猀瀀愀渀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀䴀猀漀一漀爀洀愀氀 猀琀礀氀攀㴀✀琀攀砀琀ⴀ愀氀椀最渀㨀樀甀猀琀椀昀礀㬀氀椀渀攀ⴀ栀攀椀最栀琀㨀渀漀爀洀愀氀✀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 猀椀稀攀㴀
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:吀愀栀漀洀愀✀㸀嬀吀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 椀猀 琀栀攀 愀渀猀眀攀爀 琀漀 愀 氀攀琀琀攀爀 愀搀爀攀猀猀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 䔀搀椀琀漀爀 愀渀搀
concerning the Antonetto case by Douglas Raine, Solicitor.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><font size=1昀愀挀攀㴀吀愀栀漀洀愀㸀㰀猀瀀愀渀 猀琀礀氀攀㴀✀昀漀渀琀ⴀ猀椀稀攀㨀㠀⸀ 瀀琀㬀洀猀漀ⴀ戀椀搀椀ⴀ昀漀渀琀ⴀ猀椀稀攀㨀 ⸀ 瀀琀㬀洀猀漀ⴀ戀椀搀椀ⴀ昀漀渀琀ⴀ昀愀洀椀氀礀㨀
Tahoma'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>It has not been reproduced due琀漀 挀漀瀀礀爀椀最栀琀 爀攀猀琀爀椀挀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 崀㰀⼀猀瀀愀渀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀猀瀀愀渀 猀琀礀氀攀㴀✀洀猀漀ⴀ戀椀搀椀ⴀ昀漀渀琀ⴀ昀愀洀椀氀礀㨀
Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><font size=2昀愀挀攀㴀吀愀栀漀洀愀㸀㰀猀瀀愀渀 猀琀礀氀攀㴀✀昀漀渀琀ⴀ猀椀稀攀㨀⸀ 瀀琀㬀洀猀漀ⴀ戀椀搀椀ⴀ昀漀渀琀ⴀ昀愀洀椀氀礀㨀吀愀栀漀洀愀✀㸀㰀℀嬀椀昀 ℀猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀䔀洀瀀琀礀倀愀爀愀猀崀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀℀嬀攀渀搀椀昀崀㸀㰀⼀猀瀀愀渀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀猀瀀愀渀
style='mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><font size=2昀愀挀攀㴀吀愀栀漀洀愀㸀㰀猀瀀愀渀 猀琀礀氀攀㴀✀昀漀渀琀ⴀ猀椀稀攀㨀⸀ 瀀琀㬀洀猀漀ⴀ戀椀搀椀ⴀ昀漀渀琀ⴀ昀愀洀椀氀礀㨀吀愀栀漀洀愀✀㸀㰀℀嬀椀昀 ℀猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀䔀洀瀀琀礀倀愀爀愀猀崀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀℀嬀攀渀搀椀昀崀㸀㰀⼀猀瀀愀渀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀猀瀀愀渀
style='mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><font size=2昀愀挀攀㴀吀愀栀漀洀愀㸀㰀猀瀀愀渀 猀琀礀氀攀㴀✀昀漀渀琀ⴀ猀椀稀攀㨀⸀ 瀀琀㬀洀猀漀ⴀ戀椀搀椀ⴀ昀漀渀琀ⴀ昀愀洀椀氀礀㨀吀愀栀漀洀愀✀㸀㰀℀嬀椀昀 ℀猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀䔀洀瀀琀礀倀愀爀愀猀崀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀℀嬀攀渀搀椀昀崀㸀㰀⼀猀瀀愀渀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀猀瀀愀渀
style='mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><font size=2昀愀挀攀㴀吀愀栀漀洀愀㸀㰀猀瀀愀渀 猀琀礀氀攀㴀✀昀漀渀琀ⴀ猀椀稀攀㨀⸀ 瀀琀㬀洀猀漀ⴀ戀椀搀椀ⴀ昀漀渀琀ⴀ昀愀洀椀氀礀㨀吀愀栀漀洀愀✀㸀㰀猀瀀愀渀
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>Jean-Jacques Paradissis comments:<o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><font size=2昀愀挀攀㴀吀愀栀漀洀愀㸀㰀猀瀀愀渀 猀琀礀氀攀㴀✀昀漀渀琀ⴀ猀椀稀攀㨀⸀ 瀀琀㬀洀猀漀ⴀ戀椀搀椀ⴀ昀漀渀琀ⴀ昀愀洀椀氀礀㨀吀愀栀漀洀愀✀㸀㰀℀嬀椀昀 ℀猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀䔀洀瀀琀礀倀愀爀愀猀崀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀℀嬀攀渀搀椀昀崀㸀㰀⼀猀瀀愀渀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀猀瀀愀渀
style='mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><font size=2昀愀挀攀㴀吀愀栀漀洀愀㸀㰀猀瀀愀渀 猀琀礀氀攀㴀✀昀漀渀琀ⴀ猀椀稀攀㨀⸀ 瀀琀㬀洀猀漀ⴀ戀椀搀椀ⴀ昀漀渀琀ⴀ昀愀洀椀氀礀㨀吀愀栀漀洀愀✀㸀㰀℀嬀椀昀 ℀猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀䔀洀瀀琀礀倀愀爀愀猀崀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀℀嬀攀渀搀椀昀崀㸀㰀⼀猀瀀愀渀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀猀瀀愀渀
style='mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><font size=2昀愀挀攀㴀吀愀栀漀洀愀㸀㰀猀瀀愀渀 猀琀礀氀攀㴀✀昀漀渀琀ⴀ猀椀稀攀㨀⸀ 瀀琀㬀洀猀漀ⴀ戀椀搀椀ⴀ昀漀渀琀ⴀ昀愀洀椀氀礀㨀吀愀栀漀洀愀✀㸀㰀猀瀀愀渀
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> 㰀⼀猀瀀愀渀㸀䌀漀渀挀攀爀渀椀渀最 琀栀攀 焀甀攀猀琀椀漀渀 眀栀攀琀栀攀爀 琀栀攀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 樀甀搀椀挀椀愀氀 爀攀瘀椀攀眀
would be sufficient to counterbalance in human rights terms the deficiency in琀栀攀 吀䌀倀䄀 昀漀爀 渀漀琀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀椀渀最 愀氀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀瘀攀 洀攀愀渀猀 漀昀 攀渀昀漀爀挀攀洀攀渀琀 眀栀攀爀攀 琀栀攀 甀渀氀愀眀昀甀氀
developer is the enforcing council itself, the recent ECtHR Decision of䄀搀洀椀猀猀椀戀椀氀椀琀礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 挀愀猀攀 漀昀 䐀愀挀琀礀氀椀搀椀 瘀⸀ 䜀爀攀攀挀攀 ⠀䄀瀀瀀⸀ 一漀⸀ 㔀㈀㤀 ㌀⼀㤀㤀Ⰰ
28/02/2002), provides hints of an answer.<o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><font size=2昀愀挀攀㴀吀愀栀漀洀愀㸀㰀猀瀀愀渀 猀琀礀氀攀㴀✀昀漀渀琀ⴀ猀椀稀攀㨀⸀ 瀀琀㬀洀猀漀ⴀ戀椀搀椀ⴀ昀漀渀琀ⴀ昀愀洀椀氀礀㨀吀愀栀漀洀愀✀㸀㰀猀瀀愀渀
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>In this case, the ECtHR considered as prima昀愀挀椀攀 愀搀洀椀猀猀椀戀氀攀 甀渀搀攀爀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 ㌀ 琀栀攀 挀氀愀椀洀 琀栀愀琀 椀渀 䜀爀攀攀欀 瀀氀愀渀渀椀渀最 氀愀眀 ⠀眀栀攀爀攀 愀
remedy similar to judicial review exists) there are no efficient remedies愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 椀渀 漀爀搀攀爀 琀漀 挀栀愀氀氀攀渀最攀 愀 爀攀昀甀猀愀氀 漀昀 瀀氀愀渀渀椀渀最 愀甀琀栀漀爀椀琀椀攀猀 琀漀 攀渀昀漀爀挀攀
planning legislation against unauthorised development. It is only a decision of愀搀洀椀猀猀椀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 琀栀甀猀 漀渀攀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 挀愀甀琀椀漀甀猀 愀渀搀 愀眀愀椀琀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 昀椀渀愀氀 搀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀 漀昀
the Court. However, if the Court upholds this argument it would a fortiori be愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀戀氀攀 琀漀 挀愀猀攀猀 眀栀攀渀 琀栀攀 甀渀氀愀眀昀甀氀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀攀爀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 攀渀昀漀爀挀椀渀最 挀漀甀渀挀椀氀 愀爀攀
the same person, since local authorities are public bodies and are bound to愀瀀瀀氀礀 䌀漀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀 爀椀最栀琀猀 椀渀 愀渀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀椀爀 愀挀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 搀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀 挀漀甀氀搀 愀氀猀漀 戀攀
compared to the findings of Hatton v. UK (the Heathrow night-flights case)眀栀攀爀攀 椀琀 眀愀猀 昀漀甀渀搀Ⰰ 漀渀 琀栀攀 戀愀猀椀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 ㌀Ⰰ 琀栀愀琀 眀栀攀渀 䌀漀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀 爀椀最栀琀猀
are engaged judicial review is not a sufficient remedy due to its limited scope漀昀 爀攀瘀椀攀眀 漀昀 瀀爀漀瀀漀爀琀椀漀渀愀氀椀琀礀 椀猀猀甀攀猀漀爀攀漀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 椀琀 椀猀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀椀渀最 琀漀 渀漀琀攀 琀栀愀琀 椀渀
the aforementioned decision of Dactylidi, the ECtHR dismissed the claim that a戀爀攀愀挀栀 漀昀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 漀昀 瀀爀漀琀漀挀漀氀 戀礀 瀀氀愀渀渀椀渀最 愀甀琀栀漀爀椀琀椀攀猀 搀甀攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 爀攀昀甀猀愀氀 琀漀
enforce planning legislation would necessarily have to be remedied under human爀椀最栀琀猀 氀愀眀 戀礀 愀 搀攀洀漀氀椀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 甀渀氀愀眀昀甀氀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 䌀漀甀爀琀 栀攀氀搀 琀栀愀琀
monetary compensation was always sufficient in such cases in order to挀漀洀瀀攀渀猀愀琀攀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 戀爀攀愀挀栀 漀昀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀礀 爀椀最栀琀猀 搀甀攀 琀漀 昀愀椀氀甀爀攀 琀漀 琀愀欀攀 愀挀琀椀漀渀
against unauthorised developments. As a result of this finding, the Court挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 猀椀渀挀攀 甀渀搀攀爀 䜀爀攀攀欀 氀愀眀 琀栀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀渀琀 挀漀甀氀搀 栀愀瘀攀 猀甀攀搀 琀栀攀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀
authority that failed to take enforcement action for damages and she had not搀漀渀攀 猀漀Ⰰ 琀栀椀猀 最爀漀甀渀搀 眀愀猀 椀渀愀搀洀椀猀猀椀戀氀攀 昀漀爀 渀漀渀ⴀ攀砀栀愀甀猀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 搀漀洀攀猀琀椀挀 爀攀洀攀搀椀攀猀⸀
The Court based this ruling on its jurisprudence concerning expropriation,眀栀攀爀攀 椀琀 栀愀猀 昀漀甀渀搀 琀栀愀琀 洀漀渀攀琀愀爀礀 搀愀洀愀最攀猀 愀爀攀 愀氀眀愀礀猀 愀搀攀焀甀愀琀攀 挀漀洀瀀攀渀猀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀
the loss of expropriated property. It was held that since in expropriation椀猀猀甀攀猀Ⰰ 眀栀攀爀攀 琀栀攀爀攀 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 愀 琀漀琀愀氀 氀漀猀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 漀眀渀攀爀猀栀椀瀀 漀昀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀礀Ⰰ 愀
remedy that can only provide for the award of damages constitutes an effective爀攀洀攀搀礀Ⰰ 琀栀攀渀 猀甀挀栀 愀 瀀爀漀挀攀搀甀爀攀 椀猀 攀瘀攀渀 洀漀爀攀 愀瀀瀀爀漀瀀爀椀愀琀攀 眀栀攀渀 甀渀氀愀眀昀甀氀
developments just diminish the value of neighbouring properties. However, it挀愀渀 戀攀 挀漀渀琀攀渀搀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 䌀漀甀爀琀 眀爀漀渀最昀甀氀氀礀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀攀搀 愀猀 猀椀洀椀氀愀爀 琀眀漀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀
issues. Expropriation issues and unlawful developments are different since the昀漀爀洀攀爀 椀渀瘀漀氀瘀攀猀 琀栀攀 攀砀椀猀琀攀渀挀攀 漀昀 愀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 愀椀洀 眀栀椀挀栀 眀漀甀氀搀 樀甀猀琀椀昀礀 琀栀攀
compulsory change of ownership, whereas the latter does not. Usually, unlawful搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀猀 搀漀 渀漀琀 昀甀氀昀椀氀 愀渀礀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀 愀椀洀 琀栀愀琀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀渀攀昀椀琀 攀渀琀椀爀攀
communities. Consequently, the Court ought to have distinguished expropriation挀愀猀攀猀 愀渀搀 甀渀氀愀眀昀甀氀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀渀攀猀 愀渀搀 爀甀氀攀 琀栀愀琀 眀栀攀渀 琀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 愀渀礀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀
interest considerations that would allow the unlawful structure to stay in瀀氀愀挀攀Ⰰ 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 漀昀 瀀爀漀琀漀挀漀氀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀猀 琀栀攀 搀攀洀漀氀椀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 甀渀氀愀眀昀甀氀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀猀
when they are breaching property rights of neighbours.<o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoBodyText><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:11.0pt'><span猀琀礀氀攀㴀✀洀猀漀ⴀ戀椀搀椀ⴀ昀漀渀琀ⴀ猀椀稀攀㨀 ⸀ 瀀琀✀㸀䤀渀 愀渀礀 挀愀猀攀Ⰰ 琀栀椀猀 爀甀氀椀渀最 猀攀攀洀猀 琀漀 椀渀搀椀挀愀琀攀
that when neighbouring properties are affected by unlawful developments and攀渀昀漀爀挀椀渀最 愀甀琀栀漀爀椀琀椀攀猀 昀愀椀氀 琀漀 琀愀欀攀 愀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 琀栀攀渀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 瀀爀漀琀漀挀漀氀
would require compensation to be paid to the affected neighbours. Thus, an愀挀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 搀愀洀愀最攀猀 戀愀猀攀搀 漀渀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 瀀爀漀琀漀挀漀氀 洀椀最栀琀 戀攀
successfully brought against planning authorities failing to take enforcement愀挀琀椀漀渀⸀ 䤀琀 眀漀甀氀搀 漀昀 挀漀甀爀猀攀 栀愀瘀攀 琀漀 戀攀 猀栀漀眀渀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 䰀倀䄀 栀愀搀 愀挀琀攀搀 眀爀漀渀最氀礀 椀渀
not taking enforcement action against itself! One of the effects of the Human刀椀最栀琀猀 䄀挀琀 㤀㤀㠀 椀猀 琀漀 挀爀攀愀琀攀 眀栀愀琀 椀猀 瘀椀爀琀甀愀氀氀礀 愀渀 愀搀洀椀渀椀猀琀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 琀漀爀琀 眀栀攀爀攀
damages are caused by unlawful action by breach of a convention right. (See M.倀甀爀搀甀攀Ⰰ 䰀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 昀漀爀 䘀愀甀氀琀礀 倀氀愀渀渀椀渀最 䐀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀猀 嬀㈀ 崀 䨀⸀倀⸀䰀⸀ 㐀⸀⤀㰀漀㨀瀀㸀㰀⼀漀㨀瀀㸀㰀⼀猀瀀愀渀㸀㰀⼀猀瀀愀渀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀䴀猀漀一漀爀洀愀氀 猀琀礀氀攀㴀✀琀攀砀琀ⴀ愀氀椀最渀㨀樀甀猀琀椀昀礀㬀氀椀渀攀ⴀ栀攀椀最栀琀㨀渀漀爀洀愀氀✀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 猀椀稀攀㴀㈀
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]></span></font><span猀琀礀氀攀㴀✀洀猀漀ⴀ戀椀搀椀ⴀ昀漀渀琀ⴀ昀愀洀椀氀礀㨀吀愀栀漀洀愀✀㸀㰀漀㨀瀀㸀㰀⼀漀㨀瀀㸀㰀⼀猀瀀愀渀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀䴀猀漀一漀爀洀愀氀 猀琀礀氀攀㴀✀琀攀砀琀ⴀ愀氀椀最渀㨀樀甀猀琀椀昀礀㬀氀椀渀攀ⴀ栀攀椀最栀琀㨀渀漀爀洀愀氀✀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 猀椀稀攀㴀㈀
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]></span></font><span猀琀礀氀攀㴀✀洀猀漀ⴀ戀椀搀椀ⴀ昀漀渀琀ⴀ昀愀洀椀氀礀㨀吀愀栀漀洀愀✀㸀㰀漀㨀瀀㸀㰀⼀漀㨀瀀㸀㰀⼀猀瀀愀渀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀
㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀䴀猀漀一漀爀洀愀氀 猀琀礀氀攀㴀✀琀攀砀琀ⴀ愀氀椀最渀㨀樀甀猀琀椀昀礀㬀氀椀渀攀ⴀ栀攀椀最栀琀㨀渀漀爀洀愀氀✀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 猀椀稀攀㴀㈀
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'><span猀琀礀氀攀㴀✀洀猀漀ⴀ戀椀搀椀ⴀ昀漀渀琀ⴀ猀椀稀攀㨀 ⸀ 瀀琀✀㸀䨀攀愀渀ⴀ䨀愀挀焀甀攀猀 倀愀爀愀搀椀猀猀椀猀㰀漀㨀瀀㸀㰀⼀漀㨀瀀㸀㰀⼀猀瀀愀渀㸀㰀⼀猀瀀愀渀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀
㰀⼀搀椀瘀㸀
㰀⼀戀漀搀礀㸀
㰀⼀栀琀洀氀㸀